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托福听力打基础听写方法指点 请从辨音开始逐步提升

托福听力打基础先从辨音开始

对于大部分中国学生，尤其是听力基础很差的学生来说，直接进入听句子的步骤是不对的，结果也会是收效甚微的。那么要先从什么方面开始呢?辨音(材料可以用VOA special)。

所谓的辨音就是我们通过听写建立一个语音体系和我们已知单词之间的联系，在我们漫长的受教育时间里，英语课上用的录音材料都是由中国人、美国人、英国人等不同国家的人员录制的，这就造成了我们对于英式发音、美式发音、中式发音这些不同的发音没有明确的辨别能力。

而就我们所知，托福听力中可都是根正苗红的美式发音，这与我们平时接触到的是有区别的。除了美式发音之外，美国人在说话的时候的得瑟劲儿也会使得语言难懂，诸如连读、弱读、缩读等方式都是我们通往更高听力成绩上的拦路虎。

托福听力多遍听写解决发音问题

这个问题的解决方法其实说难也不难，就是每天选取一篇英文材料，做30分钟的逐个单词断句听写，听写的过程中，不要看原文，不要看原文，不要看原文!一定要一个单词一个单词的抠，有的单词可能真的听不出来，那么就要不停地听，反复的听，直到听出来为止，当然听不出来的听个20来遍也就能继续了。

听这么多遍有两个目的：

1. 是重复的听对于单词的发音会有比较深刻的记忆。

2. 另一个目的就是重复听但听不出来会让人有一种挫败感，找到原文一对比发现“原来是这个单词啊”的时候就会更容易记住这个单词。

听的时候准备一个小本，记录每次听到的单词、错误的原因、纠正后的读法以及单词所在的听力材料的位置等。

2020托福听力练习：对蜘蛛的恐惧

"Both of us were in the lab when we just saw a spider, and I'm really afraid of them.

So I started to scream for her to come and pick it up because she's not afraid of them.”

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev psychologist Tali Leibovich, talking about herself and a colleague.

“And she said, but it's small, how come you're afraid of it?

And I said, no it's huge! And she said 'it's small; I said it's huge.

We started arguing, and this is why we started this study. To see who is right."

Leibovich does not ordinarily study spiders.

But this spider encounter made her curious about how the human brain understands magnitude—what are the factors that influence our estimation of how big or small something is?

And does fear play a role?

So she and colleagues did an experiment in which participants had to say how big a spider in a photo was on a scale from housefly to goat.

And the subjects who were afraid of spiders consistently rated the arachnids as larger than did the non-phobic participants.

But the spider-phobes did not miscalculate the size of butterflies or birds.

Nor did they see wasps as larger-than-life, even though wasps can be dangerous.

The estimation error was spider-specific.

It seems our emotions drive us to experience the same world in very different ways.

The results are in the journal Biological Psychology.

"Now we can ask the question of what causes what?

Is it the fear of spiders that makes you see them as larger, or first you see them as larger for some reason and because of it you start being afraid of them?"

If it's the latter, then perhaps spider-phobes can be trained to more accurately judge the size of the arachnids, and maybe that could ease their worries.

Some might even come to see spiders as actually kind of cool—or at least not downright terrifying.

“我们看到蜘蛛是在实验室里，我真的非常害怕这种生物。

因此我就冲她大喊大叫让她把蜘蛛弄走，因为她不害怕。”

班古里昂大学的内盖夫心理学家塔里·勒博维奇谈论着自己和同事的经历。

“我的同事说，蜘蛛那么小的个头，你怎么会害怕呢?

而我说，不，它很大的!她说蜘蛛很小，但我则说很大。

随后我们开始争论起来。而为了证明孰是孰非，我们开始了这项研究。

勒博维奇并没有按照常理出牌去研究蜘蛛。

但这次被蜘蛛吓到的经历让她对人类的大脑如何理解大小产生好奇—究竟是哪些因素对我们评判事物大小的标准产生影响呢?

恐惧是否也在其中起到关键作用呢?

因此她和同事们进行了一项实验，参与其中的试验者们必须说出照片中从家蝇到山羊相大小的蜘蛛到底有多大。

相比不害怕蜘蛛的受试者，对蜘蛛感到害怕的人认为这种生物更大一些。

但蜘蛛恐惧症者并不会错误判断蝴蝶或鸟类的体型。

而且尽管黄蜂非常危险，他们也不会认为黄蜂比实际要大一些。

这种错误的估计只针对蜘蛛。

似乎我们的情感驱使着我们用不同的方式体验着同一个世界。

这项研究已在《生物心理学》杂志上发表。

“现在我们可以探究原因，是什么原因造成这种情况呢?

是因为对蜘蛛的恐惧让你觉得它们看起来很大，还是第一次见到蜘蛛就觉得它们体积较大令你害怕?”

如果是后者，那么蜘蛛恐惧症也许可以通过训练更准确地判断蜘蛛的大小，这样也许能缓解他们的担忧。

有些人甚至认为看到蜘蛛很酷啊—至少不是很害怕。

1.pick up 捡起;接载

例句:He picked his cap up from the floor and stuck it back on his head.

他从地板上拾起帽子，重新戴在头上。

2.afraid of 害怕

例句:He was afraid of hurting my feelings.

他怕伤了我的心。

3.start to 开始

例句:I'll start to think about it when I have to write my report.

我要写报告时会对此予以考虑的。

4.talk about 谈论

例句:I had a long talk about this with my best friend.

我和我最好的朋友就此事进行了长谈。

2020托福听力练习：黑洞碰撞合并对引力波影响

The news last month that gravitational waves had been discovered made waves throughout the world of science.

The finding, from the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory, or LIGO, showed that extreme gravity can cause ripples in spacetime.

In the case studied, the extreme gravity came from two colliding black holes.

Now one scientist is suggesting an added wrinkle—that those two black holes might have originated in a single star.

“The situation is similar to a pregnant woman that has twin babies in her belly.”

Avi Loeb of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics.

He's proposing the idea in a paper that's been accepted for publication in the Astrophysical Journal Letters.

Loeb became suspicious because just 0.4 seconds after LIGO spotted the gravitational waves, a space telescope called Fermi glimpsed a bright flash of gamma-ray light in the same area of the sky.

“Detecting such a signal is quite surprising from a collision of two black holes.

What could be the source of a flash of light following a black hole merger?”

Colliding black holes should not produce such light—but the death of a very massive star could.

“My idea was that if the star is spinning very rapidly to start with, then as its core collapses it produces a bar that breaks into two clumps of matter, sort of like a dumbbell configuration. And these two clumps of matter orbit a common center, and they eventually collapse independently into two black holes.”

Of course, it's possible that the Fermi telescope signal was a false alarm.

So we'll see if future gravitational wave detections are also accompanied by flashes of light—supporting the idea that twin black holes collided upon the collapse of a massive star.

上个月人类首次直接探测到引力波的新闻在科学界激起了波澜。

这一在激光干涉引力波天文台(LIGO)上的重大发现,表明极限重力可以引发时空涟漪。

在这项研究中,这种极限重力来自两个黑洞的碰撞。

美国宇航局费米太空望远镜在引力波信号之后大约0.4秒检测到伽玛射线爆发.jpg

而现在一位科学家提出一种特别的理论，那就是这两个黑洞可能起源于同一颗恒星。

“这样的情况就好比一位怀有双胞胎的孕妇一样。

“哈佛-史密森天体物理中心的天体物理学家艾维·勒布说道。

在《天体物理学杂志》上发表的一篇研究中他提出了这样的观点。

勒布提出质疑是因为LIGO观测到引力波信号仅0.4秒后,费米太空望远镜就检测到伽玛射线爆发，而引力波和伽玛射线爆发均产生于同一片区域。

ab两图是通过数值求解爱因斯坦方程得到的双黑洞轨道演化.jpg

“检测这样一种来自两个黑洞碰撞的信号令人非常吃惊。

黑洞碰撞合并后闪光可能的来源是什么?”

碰撞的黑洞不应该产生这样的光芒，但一颗大质量恒星死亡后却可以。

“我的设想是,如果恒星的转速足够快，它的核心将伸展并呈现哑铃状，随后分裂为两个部分，每个部分单独形成一个黑洞。

当然,也存在费米太空望远镜所检测到的信号是一次假警报的可能。

因此如果未来的引力波探测也伴随闪光，支持两个黑洞相撞可能来自于一颗大质量恒星消亡的产物，我们将对此拭目以待。

1.gravitational wave 引力波

例句:What will happen when a gravitational wave was found by my computer?

如果一个引力波被我的电脑找到了(计算出来了)，会怎么样?

2.come from 来自

例句:I come from the north.

我是北方人。

3.black hole 黑洞

例句:Radio signals received from the galaxy's centre back up the black hole theory.

从该星系中心收到的无线电信号证实了黑洞理论。

4.start with 开始

例句:To work out a plan, one has to start with investigation.

制定计划要从调查研究入手。