Lesson 81 Escape脱逃

First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
Why did the prisoner attack the driver?
When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead man's clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could.
参考译文
那个战俘杀死卫兵以后，迅速地把尸体拖进了灌木丛。他在黑暗中忙活了一阵儿，很快就换上了死者的衣服。现在他身穿蓝军装，肩扛步枪，在军营门前大胆 地来回走看。他听得军营里面的喧闹声。那里灯火通明，人们在东奔西跑：他们刚刚发现有一个俘虏跑了。正在此时，一辆黑色大轿车在军营门口停了下来。里面坐 了4个军官。军官们下了车，战俘立正站好，并在他们从他面前经过时敬了礼。他们走后，汽车司机向他走来，这人显然是想聊天。他上了年纪，有着灰白的头发和 明亮的蓝眼睛。战俘为他感到惋惜，但却没有别的选择。当这个人走近时，战俘一拳把他打倒在地，然后跳进车里，以最快的速度把车开走了。

New words and expressions 生词和短语
prisoner
n. 囚犯

bush
n. 灌木丛

rapidly
adv. 迅速地

uniform
n. 制服

rifle
n. 来福枪，步枪

shoulder
n. 肩

march
v. 行进

boldly
adv. 大胆地

blaze
v. 闪耀

salute
v. 行礼

elderly
adj. 上了年纪的

grey
adj. 灰白的

sharp
adj. 猛烈的

blow
n. 打击

Lesson 81 自学导读First things first

课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．…he soon changed into the dead man's clothes.……（他）很快就换上了死者的衣服。
change into 在这里表示“换（衣）”：
He changed into his new dress and went to the party.
他换上新衣服去参加聚会。

2．…the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. ……（那战俘）在军营门前大胆地来回走着。
march 一般用于指部队“行军”、“行进”，但在这里它表示“（威风凛凛/从容不迫地）走”或“迅速地走”：
Jane marched out of the room without saying a word.
简一言未发，快步走出了房问。
up and down 为固定词组，其含义之一为“来来回回”：
He was worried about his mother and walked up and down in the room.
他为他母亲担心，便在屋里来回走。

3．men were running here and there, 人们在东奔西跑。
here and there 为固定短语，表示“到处”、“四处”：
That morning there were policemen here and there.
那天上午到处都有警察。
They went here and there looking for the lost child.
他们到处寻找那个丢失的孩子。

4．…the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed.
……战俘立正站好，并在他们从他面前经过时敬了礼。
attention 在此表示“立正姿势”。单用“Attention！”表示口令“立正！”“立正站着”则用短语 stand at/to attention表示：
The students stood at/to attention while the headmaster made a speech.
校长发表演说时学生们立正站着。

词汇学习 Word study
1．cloth, clothes与clothing
（1）cloth 通常指“布”、“布料”，为不可数名词：
There's enough cloth for a skirt.
那布料够做一条裙子。
Do you think the cloth will wear well?
你认为这布料会耐穿吗？
cloth 表示“抹布”、“桌布”时为可数名词：
Wipe up the mess with a cloth.
拿块抹布把那些脏东西擦掉。
（2）clothes 表示“衣服”、“服装”，后面动词用复数形式：
My clothes are mostly bought from abroad.
我的衣服大部分是从国外买的。
Elizabeth has many/much/a lot of clothes.
伊丽莎白有许多衣服。
（3）clothing 是服装的总称，为不可数名词，不仅包括衣服，还包括鞋、帽等：
These wooden boxes contained clothing.
这些木箱里装有服装。
He still needs some winter clothing.
他还需要一些冬天的衣服。

2．salute与greet
salute一般指“行军礼”、“（向……）敬礼”，greet则指平常的“打招呼”、“欢迎”、“迎接”等：
The guard saluted as the officers passed.
当那些军官们从他面前经过时，卫兵敬了礼。
The guard saluted the officers.
卫兵向军官们敬了礼。
When we arrived, the whole family stood up to greet us.
当我们到达时，他们全家都站起来欢迎我们。
He greeted Dan with a nod.
他向丹点了点头，算是欢迎。

3．clear与clean
clear与clean均可作形容词，词形也较相似，但含义却不同。
（1）clear可以表示“清澈的”、“明亮的”、“晴朗的”等含义：
He was rather elderly with clear blue eyes.
他上了年纪，有双明亮的蓝眼睛。
The water in the river was so clear that you could see fishes swimming in it.
河里的水是如此清澈，你都可以看得见各种各样的鱼在游。
Seeing that it was a clear day, he drove to the countryside.
那天天气晴朗，他便驱车去了乡下。
clear还可以表示“清楚的”、“明确的”、“明了的”等：
I want to make it clear that I'm not paying the bill.
我想说清楚我不会付这账单。
clear的另一个含义是“畅通的”、“无障碍的”或“无危险的”：
You can drive fast only when you are on a clear road.
只有在畅通的路上你才能把车开快。
（2）clean的主要含义是“干净的”：
These cups are not very clean.
这些杯子不太干净。
clean还可以表示“无污点的”、“无犯罪历史的”：
He has a clean record.
他一贯表现很好（没有前科）。

Lesson 81 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer