Lesson 82 Monster or fish?是妖还是鱼?

First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What was the monster called?
Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these 'monsters' which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail. The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.
参考译文
渔夫和水手们有时声称自己看到过海里的妖怪。虽然人们常常对水手们讲的故事付诸一笑，但现在看来，人们有时看到的这些“妖怪”很多不过是些奇怪的 鱼。一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来，但它们在海上却极少能被捕到。然而不久前，在马达加斯加附近的海里却捕到了一条奇怪的鱼。一条小渔船被一条咬住钩 的强壮的大鱼拖到了几英里以外的海面上。那位渔民意识到这根本不是一条普通的鱼，于是千方百计不让它受到丝毫伤害。当终于把它弄上岸后，人们发现它身长超 过了13英尺。它长着一个像马一样的头，有着大的蓝眼睛和闪闪发光的银色皮肤，还有一条鲜红色的尾巴。此鱼叫桨鱼，被送进了博物馆，现正接受一位科学家的 检查。人们很少能看到活着的这类动物，因为它们生活在600英尺深的水下。

New words and expressions 生词和短语
monster
n. 怪物

sailor
n. 海员

sight
v. 见到

creature
n. 动物，生物

peculiar
adj. 奇怪的，不寻常的

shining
adj. 闪闪发光的

oarfish
n. 桨鱼

Lesson 82 自学导读First things first

课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. 渔夫和水手们有时声称看见过海里的妖怪。
to have seen是不定式的完成式结构。不定式的完成式用于不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前的情况：
I'm sorry to have taken up so much of your time.
对不起，占了你这么长时间。
I'm glad to have met your family.
我很高兴见到了你的家里人。
She seemed to have cleaned the room.
她似乎已打扫过房间了。
不定式的完成式常用于believe，declare，find，say，see，know，think，understand等动词后（这些动词常用被动语态）：
She is believed/said/found to have gone to Australia.
人们确认/说/发现她已经去了澳大利亚。
He is thought/believed to have been killed in an air crash.
人们认为他在一次空难中丧生了。
不定式的完成式与表示意图、希望等的动词连用时有独特的含义：
I meant/intended to have invited him, but I forgot to do so.
我本想/本打算邀请他的，可是我忘记了。
I hope/plan to have finished by 12.
我希望/计划到12点钟以前就已完成。（相当于将来完成时）

2．at times，有时，偶尔。
At times I feel that he is not honest.
有时我觉得他不诚实。
He comes to see us at times.
他有时来看我们。

3．…they are rarely caught out at sea.……它们在海上极少能被捕到。
A small fishing boat was carried miles out to sea…
一条小渔船被拖到了几英里以外的海面上……
这两句话中的out分别表示“在外海”、“向外海”：
When her little boat was caught in a storm out at sea, she thought no one could help her now.
当她的小船在外海/远海遇上风暴时，她觉得那时没有人能够救她。
Don't sail out to sea in this weather.
别在这天气出海。

4．this was no ordinary fish, 这根本不是一条普通的鱼。
no的否定意味比not（a/an）要重（用于名词或形容词之前、系动词be之后）：
They are no friends of ours.
他们根本不是我们的朋友。
This is no easy work.
这绝对不是件容易干的活。

5．made every effort, 尽一切努力。（cf．第78课课文详注）

6．Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man…人们很少能看到活着的这类动物……
creature指包含人在内的“生物”、“动物”。指人时它可以表示怜爱等感情，多用于指女性：
There are many strange creatures in the sea.
海里有许多奇怪的生物。
The poor creature has suffered a lot during that time.
这可怜的家伙/人在那段时间里遭了不少罪。

词汇学习 Word study
1．claim
（1）vt. , vi.（对……）提出要求，认领，索取：
Has anyone claimed the child/wallet?
有人来认领这孩子/钱包了吗？
（2）vt. 声称，断言：
They claim to have seen monsters in the sea.
他们声称看到过海里的妖怪。
He claimed that Tom had stolen his wallet.
他断言汤姆偷了他的钱包。

2．wash与wash up
（1）wash指“洗”、“洗涤”：
I must get up and wash.
我必须起床洗脸。
She has washed all those clothes.
她把那些衣服都洗了。
Sally can almost wash herself now.
萨莉现在几乎能给自己洗澡了。（wash oneself指洗澡）wash也可以指“冲走”、“卷走”：
Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore.
一些异常的生物偶尔会被冲到岸上来。
The little wooden house was washed away by the floods.
那个小木屋被洪水冲走了。
（2）wash up在英国英语中指“洗餐具”：
When you phoned, she was busy washing up (the dishes).
你打电话时她正忙着洗盘子。
wash up也可以指“把……冲上岸”：
The dead body of a huge fish has been washed up on the shore.
一条巨大的死鱼被冲上了岸。

Lesson 82 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer