Lesson 28 No parking禁止停车

First listen and then answer the question.
听录音，然后回答以下问题。
What is Jasper White's problem?
Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths.
贾斯珀.怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一

he has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.
他刚在城里买下一所新房子，但自从搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发生了磨擦

When he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate.
当他夜里回到家时，总是发现有人把 车停在他家大门外

Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once.
为此，他甚至一次也没能把自己的车开进车库

Jasper has put up 'No Parking' signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect.
贾斯珀曾把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边，但没有任何效果

Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen.
现在他把一个丑陋的石雕 头像放在了大门上边，这是我见过的最丑陋的头像之一

I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon.
我问他那是什么？他告诉我那是蛇发女怪美杜莎

jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!
贾斯珀希望她把汽车和车主们都变成石头。但到目前为止 还没有一个变成石头呢！

New words and Expressions生词和短语
rare
adj. 罕见的

ancient
adj. 古代的，古老的

myth
n. 神话故事

trouble
n. 麻烦

effect
n. 结果，效果

Medusa
n. 美杜莎（古希腊神话中3位蛇发女怪之一）

Gorgon
n. （古希腊神话中的）3位蛇发女怪之一（凡见其貌者都会变成石头）

Lesson 28 自学导读First things first

课文详注 Further notes on the text
1．Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. 贾斯珀·怀特是少有的相信古代神话的人之一。
在第21课的课文详注中，我们曾经提到“one of +名词／代词”这个结构，of后面的名词必须是复数，但与这个结构连用的动词必须是单数：
One of your friends is waiting for you now.
你的一位朋友正在等你。
课文中who代指的是one of those rare people，所以动词用believes。

2．… but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with cars and their owners.………但自从搬进去后，就和汽车及车主们发生了摩擦。
ever since的语气比since强，表示“从那以后一直，，主句一般用完成时：
I've been interested in flying ever since I was a boy.
自从我的孩提时代起，我就对飞行一直感兴趣。
He left the village last year and has never returned ever since.
他去年离开了这座村庄，从那以后一直没有回去过。

3．Jasper has put up‘No Parking’ signs outside his gate…贾斯珀曾把几块“禁止停车”的牌子挂在大门外边……
put up在这里表示“挂起”、“竖起”等意思。

4．Jasper hopes that she will turn cars and their owners to stone.
贾斯珀希望她把汽车和司机们都变成石头。
（1）she指的是蛇发女怪美杜莎。根据希腊神话，凡看她一眼的人都会变成石头。
（2）turn在这儿的意思是“把……变成”，是及物动词：
They have turned the famous beauty spot to/into an ugly place.
他们把那著名的风景胜地变成了一个丑陋的地方。

语法 Grammar in use
1．现在完成时
在第4课的语法中我们讲过与现在完成时连用的副词和副词短语，其中包括before（now），so far， up to／till now，just，already，now，ever，never等；还讲过有些用现在完成时的句子不需要任何表示时间的词。注意以下句子：
This is one of the worst photos I've ever taken.
这是我照过的最差的相片之一。
What a good film!
这电影真好！
Yes, I've never seen such a good film before.
是的，我从来没看过这么好的电影。
How many times have you had that dream?
那个梦你做过几次？
I've had it three times so far.
迄今为止我已做过3次。
除了这些词以外，since和for也常与现在完成时连用，表示直到现在的时段。since一般与一个时间点连用，for一般与一个时间段连用：
How long have y0u been a doctor?
你当医生有多久了？
I've been a doctor since 1989.
自1989年以来我一直是个医生。
How long have you worked at the library?
你在图书馆工作多久了？
I've worked at the library for a week.
我来图书馆工作已经一星期了。
I've lived here since 1980.
自1980年起我就住在这儿。
I've lived here for five years.
我已在这里住了5年了。

2．关系从句（Relative clauses）及关系代词（Relative pronouns）
在第1册第121～124课中，我们已接触到关系从句。关系从句又可称为定语从句或形容词从句，它像形容词一样可以形容人、物及事件。关系从句可分为 限定性（defining）关系从句（不带逗号）和非限定性（non-defining）关系从句（带逗号）。我们在这里只讨论限定性关系从句。
可以用来表示人的关系代词有who，whom和that以及所有格形式whose，口语中whom经常由who代替。用来表示事物和动物的关系代词有 which和that。不论这些关系代词指的是单数还是复数，其形式都保持不变。关系代词在关系从句中作宾语时往往可以省略，作主语时则不可以：
This is the photo (that/which) I took.
这是我拍的照片。（the photo为took的宾语，that/which代替the photo，可省略）
The man (who/whom) I served was wearing a hat.
我接待的那个人戴着一顶帽子。（who／whom为served的宾语，可省略）
The lady who is standing behind the counter served me.
接待我的是站在柜台后面的那位女士。（who为关系从句的主语，不可省）
I bought the books which are on the counter.
我买的就是柜台上的那些书。（which为关系从句的主语，不可省）
The millionaire whose son ran away from home a week ago is not a kind father.
有个儿子一周前从家里逃走的那位百万富翁不是个慈父。
（whose在关系从句中作定语，不可省）
The girls who are standing behind the counter served us.
接待我们的是站在柜台后面的那几位姑娘。（who代替复数名词the girls，形式不变）

词汇学习 Word study
1．believe与believe in
动词believe的含义为“相信”、“认为”：
Do you believe that cats eat grass?
你相信猫吃草吗？
Are they at home?
他们在家吗？
I believe so.
我认为在。
believe in可以表示“信仰”、“相信……的存在”、“相信……的价值”：
I believe in God.
我信仰上帝。
He believes in ancient myths.
他相信古代神话。
这个短语还可以表示“信赖（人格、力量等）”：
I've never believed in John.
我从没有信赖过约翰。
试比较：
I believe him.
我相信他（的话）。（=I believe his words.）

2．because与 because of
because只能作连词用，后面接从句：
You can't remember his name, because you aren't really thinking.
你想不起他的名字是因为你没有真正努力去想。
I want to go home now, because I'm tired.
现在我想回家，因为我累了。
because of是介词短语，后面不可以跟从句，只能跟名词或代词。它既可以位于句首，也可以位于句子中间：
Because of the rain, we have to stay at home.
因为下雨，我们不得不呆在家里。
Because of you, we have to put the meeting off.
因为你的缘故，我们已把会议推迟了。
He came back early because of the rain.
由于下雨，所以他回来得早。
He is absent today because of his father's illness.
由于他父亲的病，他今天缺席。

3．can与 be able to
can表示天生的或学到的能力时，只能用于现在时和过去时（could），而不可用于将来时。将来时中表示能力时必须用be able to。在现在时和过去时中，can/could与be able to一般可以互换，在完成时中一般用be able to：
He has never been able to get his own car into his garage.
他从来都没能把自己的车开进车库。（现在完成时）
I'll be able to pass my driving test after I've had a few lessons.
我上几次课后就能通过驾驶考试。（一般将来时）

Lesson 28 课后练习和答案Exercises and Answer