GRE写作如何积累素材
GRE写作很看重考生的英语写作基础水平。作文基本功不佳的同学即使提前了解过题目题库,到了实际写作中往往还是很难发挥好写出高分的。下面小编就和大家分享GRE写作如何积累素材打基础,希望能够帮助到大家,来欣赏一下吧。
GRE写作如何积累素材打基础?
GRE写作备考打基础技巧:充分吸收范文精华
首先,GRE写作范文是我们每个考生都应该去准备的东西,它也是我们最好的备考素材。因此,我们平时接触的GRE阅读文章也是我们备考写作考试的素材库。要扎扎实实地提高英语GRE考试写作水平,就必须要以扎扎实实的阅读量为前提之一,必须体会地道的、漂亮的语言是怎么写出来的,通过对范文的语言内容和逻辑的理解来学习GRE考试写作中词汇的使用、句型的使用。GRE考试在阅读中,你有机会把语言与语言所包含的内容、思维方式联系起来。GRE作文范文中的一个词或者词组、句式,由于处在具体的语言环境中,你就能体会到它的确切内涵和外延,以及用法,通过不断的积累这些好词好句的用法,你的写作用词和炼句的能力就稳步的提高。
GRE写作备考打基础技巧:储备各类写作素材
GRE考试写作之所以有其独特的魅力,是因为他所考的题目特点涉及大量的哲学观点、宗教、政治、艺术、社会问题、历史现象,而且要求考生要有理有据的进行insightful分析和论证,如何做到insightful,你就必须对一些哲学观点有所了解,多读历史、哲学、政治等相关书籍,这样你自然能够分析地透彻、论证地很有说服力,同时对相关话题在知识储备上有所铺垫,否则将无从说起,无话可说。其次,GRE考试写作,有其是Issue写作对于论据的要求是非常高的,因此你的名人事例的储备,相关知识量的积累是非常重要的,历史长河中的大量的事例是你最有说服力的例证,这一环节也正是GRE考试的考生最为头疼的一部分,举不出支持自己的观点的例子,因此让自己的文章显得只有苍白的论证,缺乏说服力。
GRE写作:带着镣铐起舞
尼采曾说:
Dancing in all its forms cannot be excluded from the curriculum of all noble education: dancing with the feet, with ideas, with works, and, need I add that one must also be able to dance with the pen?
诚如尼采所言,好的教育应包含舞蹈:用脚跳舞,用思想跳舞,用言语跳舞,无需说,还需用笔跳舞。他所描绘的是最为理想的知识获取状态,也就是不仅熟悉了知识,掌握了知识,更是熟练运用知识驾驭知识。这当然最好不过,但也要应情况而定。
在笔者蔡蔡看来,GRE教学,旨在在短期内帮助学生提分,那么教师所扮演的角色实则为编舞,带领学生一起带着镣铐(读懂评分标准)翩翩起舞(精产优质作文),而非无章法可循(盲目乱刷题库),群魔乱舞(批量劣质作文)。也就是虽然要有一定的灵活度来演绎知识的魅力,更要切切实实有一些可复制可运用的内容。只有这样,考生才能有方向所寻,有内容可做,最后才能有分数所获。
GRE写作中的镣铐
官方指南所给的Issue部分的成文“镣铐”
1. Articulates a clear and insightful position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task
2. Develops the position fully with compelling reason and/or persuasive examples
3. Sustains a well-focused, well-organized analysis, connecting ideas logically
4. Conveys ideas fluently and precisely, using effective vocabulary and sentence variety
5. Demonstrates superior facility with the conventions of standard written English (grammar, usage, and mechanics) but may have minor errors
一言以蔽之,高分Issue要立场明确、有理有据、逻辑严密、语言多样、规范正式。
官方指南所给的Argument部分的成文“镣铐”1. Clearly identifies aspects of the argument relevant to the assigned task and examines them insightfully
2. Develops ideas cogently, organizes them logically, and connects them with clear transitions
3. Provides compelling and thorough support for its main points
4. Convey ideas fluently and precisely, using effective vocabulary and sentence variety
5. Demonstrates superior facility with the conventions of standard written English but may have minor flaws
简言之,高分Argument要找准槽点、充分驳斥、严密连贯、语言多样、规范正式。
镣铐之下,如何起舞?
Issue:排除槽点,让别人无槽可吐首先,Issue分析的话题涉及的领域很广泛,而考生们的知识储备量有限。所以,如果还有充裕的时间来准备GRE考试的话,一定要常看外报外刊如Economist、Times、New Yorker、Business Review,或者是像National Geography、Discovery这样的节目,从而拓展词汇量和背景知识储备。
其次,ETS在6分标准中提到的持续对话题进行有见地的(insightful)、深入的(in-depth)分析却需要真功夫,何为真功夫?其实就是考生的独立思考能力和批判性思维能力。GRE写作对写作立场倾向没有限制,可以支持反对,还可以中立,重在从自己的观点出发,批判性地展开分析。此外,有了观点和素材后,一定要充分展开,就好比是剥洋葱,层层剥开,有理有据,而非泛泛而谈,要构建好逻辑因果链条,从而完成一篇让人看到非常信服的Issue,不要漏洞百出,引人吐槽。
Argument:找别人的茬,让别人无茬可找Argument的内容涉及到天南海北,但是核心错误相对固定,因此可以以错误类型来分类或者按照题目指令分类。在174道Argument题库中,很多题目的基本表述是一样的(即论证过程是完全一样的),但是有不同的指令,如果没有完成具体的指令,即使文章写的很好,最高也只能得4分。因此,建议考生一定要读清楚指令。考试时间只有30分钟,Argument题干信息一般都比较长,所以功夫花在平时,对题目熟悉的话,就可以减少读题时间,而尽可能地多花时间在写作上。
Argument当然也可以选择加强,而非削弱,但考试时间有限,通常Argument都写成驳论文,也就是找茬。
领舞者(教师)的角色扮演
在笔者蔡蔡看来,从GRE写作备课到上课再到课后跟进,老师扮演着不同的角色,进行着角色扮演。在备课时,要把自己想象成是学生Put myself at the position of the students。上课时,尤其是输出项教学,以学生为导向上课时,老师应该将演讲者lecturer的角色转变为一个指导者instructor或者是facilitator,要以学生为中心,给学生们多一些思考空间和练习的机会Put the students to experience the learning process。课后跟进时,教师扮演的角色更像是一个监控者monitor和百事通resource,密切关注学生的学习过程,在学生遇到问题时给予适当的帮助,Put the emphasis on students' practice。
GRE写作实则是场舞林大会,不论是穿着水晶鞋的公主,还是赤脚起舞的王子;不论是身穿华服美衣的贵族,还是身着粗布烂衫的平民,只要戴好镣铐(读懂评分标准),掌握要领(把握得分要点),用心彩排(合理练习写作)皆可舞出自己的炫彩(收获理想的GRE写作分数)。
GRE作文范文:Consciously Reconnecting
There may be times when we feel like our connection to the universe is closed. Maybe things don’t seem to be going well in our day, or our lives, or we may feel out of our element. The truth is, the universe is always there for us. We know that we create our experience with our thoughts, and this is another way we need to make a conscious decision about how we want to experience life. It is up to us to do the work of making the connection, because nobody can do it for us, though sometimes the universe may send us wake-up calls.
You can think of it as getting some fresh air. We are always breathing and the air is always around us, surrounding us, moving through us. But we may need to step outside of where we are in the moment—physically, mentally, or emotionally—and make the conscious choice to take a deep breath in order to feel the air coming in and going out. Whether this means stepping outside physically or merely shifting our thoughts, it is only our perception that changes; the air remains the same.
It is just as easy to reconnect with the universe. Using the same technique as a breath of fresh air, a deep breath can bring us back to our center. As we inhale, we fill our bodies with the oxygen needed to replenish our most basic physical needs, allowing the air to circulate within us. Exhaling, we release the stale, the used, the potentially toxic air, removing any blocks that may keep us from going deeper into the stillness that lies at our center where we connect to the universe. Feeling closed off does not need to be a negative experience. When we become conscious of it, we can think of the wholeness of a closed circuit, which allows electricity to connect and flow properly. Our bodies work the same way, and when we make that connection in our minds, it can help bring us back to the connection we seek.
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