托福写作中如何理清思路呢
托福写作需要大家有一个清晰的思路,其实考新托福写作的人大多都知道这个道理,但是具体该如何做呢?今天小编给大家带来托福写作中如何理清思路呢,希望能够帮助到大家,下面小编就和大家分享,来欣赏一下吧。
托福写作中如何理清思路呢?
如果同学们觉得写提纲这几分钟就会影响你的托福写作时间导致来不及的话,那就大错特错了。整理好写作思路,反而更能节约你写文章时的思考停顿时间。重视提纲,构思写作思路,让文章更有条理和结构。列完提纲后,要紧紧照着提纲的思路去写,若首段是引出一个现象,就不要急于在这段立即就进入论证分析,应该留到后面一段写。
此外,还有同学“意识流”,想到哪写到哪,灵感来了“文思泉涌”,一发不可收拾,控制不了了。我们要给自己一个量的规定。一篇新托福写作文章,基本 13-15句话,每一段分配下来就是几句话,绝不多说,也不能少。还是那句话,要紧紧照着提纲的思路去写,点到为止才是最稳妥的方法。
托福写作不必太过钻牛角尖,猜测考官会亲睐什么样的观点,这样做纯粹是浪费时间。记住,托福考试的目的只有一个,考查学生的英语能力。考官最主要的还是考查写作能力,内涵实际上是其次。只要基本观点正确到位即可,真的没必要太绞尽脑汁,有这些时间还不如多检查检查自己的文章有无语法或者拼写错误。
托福写作辅导提到如果遇到缺乏思路,手足无措的时候,在平时运用下面两种方法来理思路:
1、归类法,顾名思义,即将不同体裁的文章进行归类。阅读的时候,通过比较来领悟文章好在哪,并学习积累原文作者的思路和素材。
2、总括法,即对各个题材的文章有宏观的把握。例如议论文要有论点、论据、论证等等。
最后,也是最大的障碍,考生的英语表达能力不够过关。如果仔细看看一些美剧字幕组你会发现,很多时候翻译并不是一一对应的关系,但文能达意。我们也要做到这点,将我们母语的语法和句型次之,重视原句的愿意,翻译力求能够达意,然后在此基础上才将句子给美化一下,变成复合句、强调句等等。
做题不在做得多,而在做得精,写作业时如此。写完后要多次修改,和考官范文进行比较,找找看差距。最好能找到一个外教老师帮你批改,同学也可以,他们可以更客观地对你的作文进行评价。相信只要同学们坚持练习,时间久了托福写作水平肯定会有很大的进步。
托福写作解析 常犯的6个语法错误
1、托福写作比较对象的对等
在比较结构中,注意前后比较事物要对等。常用that和those来指代“比较结构”里先前提到的名词。
比如:The merits of serious movies far outweigh funny movies.
应改为:The merits of serious movies far outweigh those of funny movies.(those指代的是前半句的比较对象merits)
2、托福写作句子不完整
不完整句子指的是句子当中缺少主语或谓语等,无法形成一个完整的句子。
比如:A movie that inspires deep emotions.(只有名词加定语从句,不是完整的句子)
应改为:She went to see “The Silver Star”, a movie that inspires deep emotions.
3、托福写作句子不间断
不间断句子指的是用逗号来连接两个完整的句子。
比如:There is increasingly widespread reliance on electronic mail, some people still resist using it, especially those who prefer handwritten letters.
应改为:Although there is increasingly widespread reliance on electronic mail, some people still resist using it, especially those who prefer handwritten letters.(根据两句之间的关系,加入连词)
4、托福写作句子主谓不一致
主谓不一致指的是句子中主语与谓语没有保持数的一致。
比如:Many students thinks tomorrow is a holiday.
应改为:Many students think tomorrow is a holiday.
再比如:The use of cell phones during concerts are not allowed.
应改为:The use of cell phones during concerts is not allowed.
5、托福写作可数名词完整
可数名词“裸奔”指的是可数名词之前没有冠词,也没有变为复数形式。
比如:Even expert or scholar specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.
应改为:Even experts or scholars specializing in a certain field might cover a vast spectrum of knowledge in order to succeed.(可数名词变复数形式)
6、托福写作but和however用法
but和however都表示转折,但是but是连词,而however是副词,也就是说however是不能来连接两个独立分句的。
比如:Printed books are limited in space, however, space is not an issue for electronic ones.
应改为:Printed books are limited in space. However, space is not an issue for electronic ones. (用句号将原句分成两个独立分句)
托福写作如何改进转折句
“there be句型”变为被动语态
试比较
1. She used to be indifferent to the outside world, but an interloper changed her.
2. Her indifference to the outside world was changed by and interloper.
把but后面的句子改为短小插入语
试比较
1. Driven by an interest in words, Claire kept trying poetry, novelsand literature analyses, but she hardly succeeded in any of these endeavors at the very beginning.
2. Driven by an interest in words, Claire kept trying poetry, novels and literature analyses—all with little initial success.
把but后面部分改为更紧凑的从句
试比较
1. It was meant to be a brief parting, but it turned into a long, lingering one.
2. What was meant to be a brief parting turned into a long, lingering one.
第二句读起来更加集中、紧凑,并且去掉了"It was, but it…”等鸡肋部分。
积累一些可能替换but的连接词
e.g. however/nonetheless/nevertheless/yet/whereas/while...
试比较
1. Once arriving home, she starts to review all the notes, not necessarily because the teacher requires her to do so,but because she encourages herself to study hard.
2. Once arriving home,she starts to review all the notes, as much from the requirement of the teacher,as from herself-encouragement.
总结
对于but这一最为常见的转折,我们可以从“是否可以直接去掉?是否可以改为插入语等句子成分?是否可以改为更为紧凑的从句?是否有其他替换表达?”这个方面进行思考。
但应该指出,应该建立在“自己有把握判断原句与改进后句子的风格与质量”的基础上进行。有时候,不一定改的就比原句更好,短的不一定就更简洁。