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托福独立写作中如何提升细节质量?例子细化技巧实例分享

托福独立写作评分标准重视细节

托福独立写作评分标准在论证上提出了三点要求：1 要有说理 2 要有例子 3 要有细节。这三条标准当中，中国学生最不缺的就是第一条。一个没有经过任何托福写作训练的考生写出来的文章往往充满了说理性的语句，并且都表达着同一个意思，缺少例子和细节，显得十分苍白无力。而一个接受了一段时间托福写作训练的学生往往会在论证当中使用举例说明的方法。无奈这类例子大多为假设，泛泛而谈，语言空洞，很难有说服力。事实上，当我们在阅读地道的英美人的文章时，我们就会发现，英美人的文章中是充满了细节的，而这才是中国学生在进行论证时最缺乏的。

托福独立写作如何体现细节?

托福写作细节分为两个方面，一是语言的细化，主要体现在用词的准确性上，这是需要一段时间的积累加上特别训练才能达到的。二是例子的细化，体现在描述的细致性上，要做到这一点，除了刻意加上一些人名地名，显得描写细致以外，还需要学生多看原味英语，细细体味。

例如 speed and comfort中描述坐火车的无聊时就运用了很多细节：Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution， for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lulls you to sleep. During the day， sleep comes in snatches. At night， when you really wish to go to sleep， you rarely manage to do so. If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper， you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling or fumbling to find your ticket for inspection. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted.

在这段当中，几乎没有纯粹的说理，而是一直在描述一个我们感同身受的场景，细节颇多，让人一看就很有认同感。这样一种细节的堆砌无疑是很多说服力的，点滴之间，便让人信服。

从托福官方指南OG中了解细节价值

托福的官方指南(official guide)里也凸显了细节的重要性。OG中独立作文不同分值的案例中，有一篇给出4分的范文充分说明了这一点。这篇文章的作者讲了一个情侣间不相互信任的故事，讲得很完整，前因后果都交待清楚。而这篇文章只有一个分论点，只举了一个例子，遣词造句都很平庸，但是拿到了4分，关键点就在于此文对细节的描写很到位。

因此小编建议各位同学在进行托福独立写作的时候，要注意对于be more specific这一标准的把握。很多时候，细致的例子能够弥补遣词造句上的不足。

托福写作解析：托福写作结构与方法

托福写作解析：托福写作结构与方法

应把全篇分为三大部分introduction, development, conclusion，建议把每段的主要观点放在首句，再加分观点，用原因和展开论述去支持你的主要观点。

结构：

1 Introduction

2 Development：1 main idea (+examples, details)

2 main idea (+examples, details)

3 etc.

3 Conclusion: Perhaps a summary of the main points in 2. Own views/opinions and decisions.

当然我们需要一些素材来支持我们的观点，好的素材来自于生活或已知的信息，这些素材一定要是合理的。首先，素材要和前面叙述过的主要观点和理由构成因果关系。其次，这些可以想到的素材和例子可以很清楚的描写出来。最后，这些已有的素材可以引起读者的共鸣。

托福写作解析:因果论证句怎么写

写作中最主要的三种句型：因果论证句、比较对比句和假设条件句。下面就来看一下因果论证句具体该怎么写!

因果论证句

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

There's no need for the government to help those who can help themselves.

One of the major reasons why some individuals are reluctant to seek help from the government is that people have formed the impression that the officials are too busy to care about their private matters.

why后面是结果，一个完整的句子.

People will reduce car use in 20 years.

One of the reasons why the use of private cars can and will be reduced in 20 years time is that diversified measures a being taken by the government to limit the use of cars.

Today's parents do not understand their children as well as parents did 50 years ago.

The complexity and diversity in the modern world may be a major contributor to generation gaps.

托福写作解析:假设条件句怎么写

托福写作句型:假设条件句怎么写

It is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize.

If a high school student is about to leave school soon, it is necessary for him to have a most suitable plan before the graduation ceremony begins.

Teachers should give students homework everyday.

If teacher had been checking the students' progress with daily homework assignments, they might not have failed the test.

过去的虚拟，把反面的例子变成正面的评论

if sb had done, sb might/would have done

Traveling alone is better than travelling with a companion.

But for the assistance from a companion, travelers would be exposed to more dangers on the way.

现在或将来的情况：but for sb/sth, sb would do sth

过去的情况： but for sb/sth, sb would have done

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