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雅思写作高分技巧：如何写好开头段?

“良好的开端是成功的一半”，有个良好的雅思写作开头段也是相同的道理，写好了开头段离雅思写作高分也就更近一步了。下面是新东方雅思教研组陈蜀东老师根据自己多年的教学经验，针对雅思写作高分技巧：如何写好开头段?给出的写好雅思作文开头的几个简单方法，同学们可以参考参考。

很多国内的考生受到写中文作文或者传统英语(精品课)教学的影响，写一篇文章的开头段时总是想要尽力抓住考官的眼球，不停地摆弄自己还不成熟的词汇和句型，结果非但没有得到想要的分数，反被考官倒打一耙。那么我们要如何在最短的时间内，以最简单以及最能得分的方式写出好的作文开头段呢?

其实我们可以把雅思写作题目中的提问方式分成四个大类：观点类(opinion essay)、讨论类(discussion essay)、优劣势类(advantage and disadvantage essay)和报告类(report)。每一种提问方式的题目都有自己不同的开头段写作方法。

Part 1 Opinion Essay

观察观点类题目的特征，我们不难发现，此类题型的特征是题目有且只有一个观点。而题目要求我们回答的是“同意”或“不同意”的观点。所以只要确定好自己的观点，开头段就可以写出来。 例如：

Some people believe that living in big cities is bad for health.

Do you agree or disagree?

如果，我们选择同意此观点，可以根据“背景句+直接转述题目+个人观点”的公式。

These days, it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities. (背景句) But some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people’s health. (直接转述题目) Personally, I agree with this idea. (个人观点)

如果选择不同意题目观点，则可以用“although”的让步状语从句进行改写，得到：

These days, it is quite common to see that a growing number of people choose to settle down in large cities. (背景句) Although some people argue that leading an urban life would produce negative influences on people’s health, (although +直接转述题目) personally, I do not agree with this idea. (个人观点)

Part 2 Discussion Essay

观察讨论类的题目，可以发现，这样的题目会有两个观点，并且题目要求“讨论双方观点”和“给出自己的观点”。这样的题目中，其实只用在开头段中写出背景句和转述双方观点就好了，至于个人的观点，可以放到personal idea的段落中。如：

Some people think citizens should be responsible for their own health costs. Others think it is better to have a health care system which provides free health services.

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

这个题目的开头段就可以写为：

People in some countries are paying an increasing amount of money for seeing a doctor, even for a minor illness. (背景句) But, still, some people assert that individuals themselves are supposed to pay for such fees. (一方观点) However, other people disagree and suggest that it is the government’s responsibility to undertake the health costs for its citizens. (另一方观点)

Part 3 Advantages & Disadvantage Essay

优劣势的题目，一般而言都会给出一个现象或者是趋势，这又刚好和我们开头段中的“背景句”吻合了，所以在优劣势文章的开头段的时候就没有必要再写背景句了，直接转述题目就可以了。但是要表达出自己的“优大于劣”或者“劣大于优”的观点，只需要用一句话就搞定了。如：

Shopping online is replacing shopping in stores.

Do the advantages outweigh its disadvantages?

开头段可以写为：

These days, it is common to see that people prefer choosing online shopping to shopping in physical stores. Although some problems would occur as this trend continues, I believe such development brings more benefits.

Part 4 Report

其实report最简单，因为通常题目和优劣势文章一样，会给出一个现象或趋势，所以开头段的组成部分就只有改写题目。如：

In many parts of the world, children and teenagers are committing more crimes.

Why is this happening?

What are the possible solutions to solve this problem?

开头段可以写为：

These days, it is common to see that the rate of youth crime has been increasing dramatically all over the globe and it is a most worrying issue of modern society.

雅思写作高分技巧：开头段如何写最吸引人

大作文开头段往往要包含如下几个关键内容，即，介绍背景，引出有争议的话题，阐述对立观点和陈述作者自己的观点。无论使用还是不使用模板，这几个关键信息是一定要包含在开头段落当中的，不然云里雾里，只能是适得其反。

首先It is quite common these days.。。介绍背景，或者用The issue of ... is a complex and sensitive one。这样的句型来引出有争议话题，然后千篇一律地分别介绍对立双方观点，如Some individuals believe that..., while others hold the view that....最终用Personally, I agree with....至此，内容上完美无瑕，但恐怕考官心中已经大大打下“模板”两个字的烙印，这无疑对于想取得6分及以上的同学最不利的事情。下面，我们就来说说到底应该如何突破“模板病”。

例如，一道雅思写作高频题目，讨论到底大学应该教授实用性课程(如计算机和商科课程)还是传统课程(如历史和地理)。我们依然按照开头段应该包含的关键信息开始写作，但是却可以这样轻松突破：

These day there is a growing tendency for college students to have difficulties in finding jobs when they graduate.(介绍背景)A large number of people hold the opinion that lack of practical knowledge, among other things, contributes to this situation. In light of this, they contend that college teachers should lay more stress on practical courses than on traditional ones. (引出有争议的话题，并阐述大多数人的观点)For my part, I am in favour of their viewpoint。(作者观点)

这一段写得非常灵巧，第一句结合题目背景，介绍现如今有一种趋势，即大学毕业生很难找到工作，紧接着作者陈述有许多人认为这是由于学生缺少实用性的知识，并因此提出大学应该更多关注于教授实用性的知识，这一句将有争议话题的其中一方观点用因果链条清晰阐述。最后一句表达作者自己的立场，就是支持前面大多数人的想法。总的来看，这一段只提及了对立双方的其中一方观点，然后表达自己支持这一方观点。这就是一种对于开头段模板的超越，简单可行，只对其中一方观点清晰论证，然后表达自己的立场，无需对另一方观点赘述。这固然超越了八股文一样的“一些人认为……另一些人认为……，我认为……”，而是以四两拨千斤的方式，重点讲解一方观点，然后巧妙表达支持的态度。

另一道可以参考的题目是有关人们认为对于罪犯不应该只是关在监狱里，而应该对他们进行教育和劳动改造这样一道题目。我们依然给出这样一段：

How to handle criminals is a problem that all countries and societies face。(引出有争议的话题)Traditionally, the approach has been to punish them by placing them in prisons to pay for what they have done. Some, however, advocate for trying to make them better with training and education and it seems they may have a good point.

这一段在观点描述上是“出于模板而胜于模板”的典范，范文中将观点一演变为“传统上，人们都采取关监狱这种方法”，这就用陈述事实的方式，巧妙避讳了直接表达有些人认为应该把犯人关在监狱里;而观点二以及作者观点合并为一句，用一个and巧妙连接成一个并列句。开头段关键信息一网打尽。

雅思写作高分技巧：巧用各种句式

同学们不难从官网上找到评分的四项要求，其中有一项“Grammatical Range and Accuracy”，是同学们觉得比较难提高的。这一项对于满分的要求有一条的是“Uses a wide range of structures with full flexibility and accuracy.” 这一条要求的精髓就在于“wide range of structures”，也就是说同学们要能够在写作中体现出能运用各种句式结构的能力，包括简单句、各类从句、分词短语、并列句等等。

然而，同学们在写图表作文的时候最常碰见的困扰之一就是觉得句型太过单一、单调。但是只要同学们按照评分标准有意识的去进行句式的变化，避免句式的重复其实一点也不是难于上青天的事情。

避免句式重复的第一个方式就是运用英语的各种句式结构。所谓的英语的句式结构，在写作中其实只有很有限的四个：简单句，并列句，复合句和复杂句。小作文中常用的除了简单句和并列句之外，复合句是同学们需要掌握的重点。

1.固定宾语从句

仔细研究剑桥系列考官的范文，不难发现，小作文中常用的复合句其实就是宾语从句，定语从句和状语从句。

e.g. 举个栗子，在《剑8》的Test 2考官范文中的第一句话：

The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years: 1981, 1991 and 2001.

还有《剑7》的Test 2范文中的最后一段：

the graph shows how the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity...

《剑7》的Test 4的最后一段：

it is clear that...

大家不难发现，宾语从句常用在开头，结尾或者两段过渡句的写作中。

2.翻新定语从句

定语从句是同学们复合句中用的最普遍的，也是最容易掌握的句式。但如果想要满足对于定语从句的出彩使用，同学们可以参考《剑9》的Test 2范文中第四段的最后一句话：

e.g.《剑9》Test 2 This rise was particularly noticeable between 1990 and 2000, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.

这里考官并没有用“常规”的which引导的定语从句，而是使用了“介词+关系词”的方式，使得句子变得高大上了许多。类似的用法在《剑5》的Test 1中最后一段话也有出现。

可以看出比较容易操作的方式是在句子后出现时间的时候，使用during which或者by which这样的结构，可以将具体图表变化的趋势写出来，或者可以直接使用关系副词中指代时间的when。

e.g.《剑8》Test 2 This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget.

3.巧用状语从句

e.g.《剑7》Test 2 Although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels were the most stable.

这里用了让步状语从句来表示位置最低的线，那我们不难得出结论：在动态图中，表述最大的数值或者最高的柱，其实都可以使用让步状语从句。

比如这样一个句子Courses made up the largest proportion in factors that influenced students’ choice and its percentage decreased from 40% to 34%.

如果我们使用让步状语从句，就可以变成了：Although Courses made up the largest..., its percentage still decreased...这样，并列句就可以很好的转化成状语从句了。

e.g.《剑6》Test 3 This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself.

时间状语从句是流程图中常用的句式，还有常用的连接词为while, since, when, after和before。

e.g.《剑5》Test 1While the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period.

4.合并并列句

在小作文的写作中，中国学生最常用到的除了简单句就是由and或者but, then引导的并列句。那么避免过多并列句重复的一个很好的方式就是使用非谓语动词，即：分词做状语或者独立主格。

《剑7》Test 2中，对于鸡肉这条线的描述，同学们都会描述为：鸡肉的消耗量显示出一个上升的趋势，并且在1980年超过羊肉，在1989年超过了牛肉。大部分同学第一反应的句子都是：The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend and it overtook lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989.

在这个句子中，and连接了两个并列的简单句，但两个简单句的主语是一样的，这个时候同学们就要想到分词作状语，省略其中的一个主语，这个被省略的主语和它的动词之间是主动关系。所以overtook变成现在分词的形式，那么这句话就合并为：The consumption of chicken showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980...

合并之后的句子既简洁，也能够符合欧美人的表达习惯，考官当然就会欣然给分。类似的表达方式还可以在很多的考官范文找到例证。有的同学可能会问，如果并列句的主语不一样呢?

e.g.《剑8》Test 1 These causes affected different regions differently in the 1990s, with Europe having a much as 9.8% of degradation due to deforestation.

在这句话中，两个简单句主语不一样，考官采用了独立主格的方式，将想要置于从属地位的简单句主语保留，动词主动关系就变成了现在分词，然后加上了with，让原本的并列句马上显的高大上，得分自然也就高大上了。

5.主语多样化

以上的这些改换句式的方式可以很好的起到避免句式重复的方式，但是如果满篇都是不同复合句的堆砌，多少会显的文章过于矫情，这个时候变换简单句就能很好的起到调节的作用。变换简单句最直接的方式就是变换主语。英文的主语不同重点也会发生变化，所以能够有效的起到避免重复的作用。最常用的变化主语就是there be句型。

e.g.《剑5》Test 1 A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan.

在这个例句中，考官使用了被动语态，并且用了上升的名词形式做了主语，使得简单句也变得“不简单”了。同样的用法还出现在考官的其他范文中。

e.g.《剑9》Test 2 This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2000.

最后一个可以当做替换主语的是常常被忽略的时间段。比如说1989到2000这一段时间内见证了一个急剧的上升，这句话就可以写成“The period of 1989 and 2000 witnessed a sharp increase.” 这样的话就可以避免了常规的“上升”句式了。

以上的一些雅思写作高分技巧在考官的范文中都多有出现，它们可以有效的避免句式的重复，在语法这一个方面达到一些提分的目的。希望同学们能够多多练习，达到灵活运用各类句型。文章长短句交错，每句话的形式结构恰到好处，为合理传递信息表达思想而服务。让小作文在内容和语言方面都能绽放光彩。

雅思考试写作范文：独自学习

Some people believe that the best way of learning about life is by listening to the advice of family and friends. Other people believe that the best way of learning about life is through personal experience.

Compare the advantages of these two different ways of learning about life. Which do you think is preferable?

Model Answer:

From my everyday experience and observation I can stand that the best way of learning about life is through personal experience. However, some people think that it is wiser to learn about life through listening to the advice of family and friends. It does not mean I totally disagree with this way of learning. Moreover, I think that it is wise for a person to take an intermediate position because each of these ways has its own advantages. Bellow I will give my reasons to support my point of view.

From the one side, learning through one's personal experience brings many benefits. First of all, scientists say that personal experience has greater impact on a person. I have to agree with this. Take for example children. They will not believe their parents that something can hurt them until they try it and make sure in it. Furthermore, most likely they will remember this experience longer. Second of all, people learn how to analyze their mistakes, make conclusions and next time try to avoid them. So, I think it is a great experience that makes people stronger, more self-confident and persistent. They gain more knowledge and experience that will be very helpful and valuable in the future.

From the other side, listening to the advice of family and friends brings many benefits too. Parents with great patience pass down their knowledge and experience to their children. They teach them all they know and they want their children do not make the same mistakes. In addition to those practical benefits, learning from someone's advice is painless. For example, parents nowadays very often talk to their children about drugs. I think it is a great example when one should not try drugs in order to gain new experience. I think it is a case when children must trust their parents.

To sum up, I think it is wise to combine both of these ways to learn and try to analyze personal mistakes as well as not personal. I think together they can greatly simplify one's life and make the way to success shorter.