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如何潇洒地考过英语一级笔译(CATTI)?

常常有人留言询问：文刀君，你经常谈翻译，你是做翻译的吗?

统一回复：真不是。

“外宣微记”顾名思义，记录“对外宣传”中的一点感悟，如果某些文章能收到“微言大义”之功效，文刀君就知足了。

“对外宣传”四个字意识形态色彩有点浓，我们更希望做的是“国际传播”，二者区别很大。前者侧重“我说你听”，后者侧重“如何让听者入耳又入心”。

用清华大学传播学教授陆地的话说，“一厢情愿地只‘告诉’自己想要听众‘知道’的东西而不是听众想要‘知道’的东西，我们的国际传播机构就会被视为‘宣传机构’而不是一个真正的国际性媒体，就无法和西方的国际媒体竞争，就会失去或得不到更多的听众。”

中国向世界表达自己，归根结底要落实到“队伍建设”上面，即要打造一支“熟悉中外国情、文化、语言”的国际传播队伍，而“翻译本领”只是这支队伍应该具备的基础本领罢了。

单从笔头上论，会做翻译，不见得英文写作也漂亮，英文写作漂亮不见得会写英文新闻稿或者评论稿。千万别以为英语四六级真能衡量一个人的英语水平，放到实践当中，或许还差着十万八千里呢!

举个小例子，我们的英文新闻稿里经常出现“...in Beijing, capital of China”。这么写有问题吗?要看情况。

如果纯粹翻译“某某活动在中国首都北京举行”，这样写没毛病;但若是新闻英文写作，就有点啰嗦了，因为像北京这样举世闻名的大城市，附上“capital of China”真的没必要，从未见外媒报道时写“London, capital of the UK”“Paris, capital of France”。

最近，有不少关注者询问全国翻译资格水平考试(CATTI)英语笔译一级(相当于副高/副教授水平)的考试经验，文刀君也认为可以趁这个机会再聊一聊这个考试。

文刀君一个人的经验似乎略单薄，好在身边考过一级的小伙伴不在少数，粗略地“采访”他们，还是收获了不少宝贵经验。

1、读书。

读几本翻译理论和技巧的书，好书，一两本就够了。比如《等效翻译探索》《论英汉翻译技巧》(中国译协《中国翻译》编辑部选编)《余光中谈翻译》等。一点翻译理论和技巧都不掌握是不行的，否则翻译水平是“不可持续的”。

学一点翻译理论和技巧，实战时心里才有一杆秤，有助于避免“华而不实”的乱译和“机械呆板”的硬译。

2、要天天洗“英文浴”。

轻松考过一级笔译的小伙伴有个共同点：每天接触大量英文。每天洗“英文浴”，久而久之必然能超群脱俗。但是，文刀君要提醒一点，要选好“洗澡水”。

电影《中国合伙人》讲过一个意思(具体台词记不清了)：平时读国内“外宣媒体”写的英文感觉很轻松，但一读外媒，比如《华尔街日报》，就基本看不懂了。

外媒的文章其实并不难懂，新闻英语毕竟不是文学作品，只要习惯了英语思维，就会越洗越舒服。读新闻学英语可以从两方面学习英语思维：句式和用词。比如，前几天北京发布空气污染橙色预警，不少外媒对此作了报道。路透社用“thin traffic”两个单词完美表达“限制交通”这个意思。动词“thin”多么形象、多么简洁有力!

这就是我们要学习积累的东西，洗“英文浴”得用好水，要不越洗越脏。

因为中英文思维方式的差异，我们在翻译或者写作时还经常“无意识”地犯一个错：拖沓啰嗦。不妨读一读《中式英语之鉴》，或许对文刀君所指的问题有更深刻的了解。

3、积累中国特色词汇英译。

国内“外宣媒体”(新华、中国日报、中国网、CGTN等英文网站)在这方面就比外媒有优势，要经常浏览，积累相关词汇。其实，最鲜活的材料莫过于十九大报告英文版。

“新型大国关系”、“构建人类命运共同体”、“去产能”、“去库存”、“大众创新万众创业”、“我国社会主要矛盾变化”、“精准扶贫”等中国特色表述你会翻译吗?

对于想考CATTI一、二、三级笔译的同学而言，把十九大报告英文版啃透了，就很不一般了!

温馨提醒：以上三条均可在“枕上(长夜无眠时)、厕上(蹲坑时)、马上(地铁公交)”完成。不要以如临大敌、严阵以待的姿势和心态对待英文考试，结果会让你失望的，语言学习需要点滴积累、久久为功。

4、运气。

文刀君“采访”的几位小伙伴不约而同地说到“运气”二字。

一级笔译题型无非是“英译中”、“中译英”、“审校”，千变万化不离英语基本功和翻译水平。当你的学习不以考试为导向时，自然不会在一级笔译的“威名”前胆怯，有时候“威名”是被围观群众抬起来的。

当你以无招胜有招的心态面对考试，“不小心”通过了真的会感到些许意外：啊，原来我也能过，运气，运气......

这几条经验，只能算“武侠秘籍”的总纲，不是招式详解。武侠里的高手，最看重的是“武功心法”而不拘泥于“武功招式”。正如“考试带什么字典”、“时间怎么分配”这些问题，文刀君认为那是细枝末节的末节，不值一谈。

学英语又好比佛教徒修行，万千法门总有一个适合你，可以以人为师，但不要邯郸学步。

翻译资格英语考试备考资料：英汉互译中的谚语巧合

Corresponding English and Chinese proverbs and phrases(1)

1.After meat， mustard; after death， doctor .

雨后送伞

Explanation: this describes a situation where assistance or comfort is given

when it is too late.

Example: just as I had cancelled my application to go abroad， I had a

promise of money for my fare. It was a case of after death， the doctor.

2. After praising the wine they sell us vinegar.

挂羊头卖狗肉

Explanation: to offer to give or sell something that is inferior to what you

claim it to be.

Example: that fellow completely misled us about what he was capable of

doing. After praising the wine， he sold us vinegar.

3. All is over but the shouting.

大势已去

Explanation: finally decided or won; brought to the end; not able to be

changed.

Example: after Bill’s touch down， the game is all over but shouting.

4. All lay load on the willing horse.

人善被人欺，马善被人骑

Explanation: a willing horse is someone who is always doing things for

others. Very often the implication is that others impose on him.

Examples: the trouble is you're too good-natured and people take advantage

of it. all lay load on the willing horse. You will have to learn to refuse

people who ask too much.

5.anger and haste hinder good counsel.

小不忍则乱大谋

Explanation: one can not act wisely when one is angry or in a hurry.

Example: you should calm down before you decide the next move. Anger and

haste hinder good counsel.

6. As poor as a church mouse

一贫如洗

Explanation: to be exceedingly poor， having barely to live upon.

Example: he has a large family， and is poor as a church mouse.

Note: a church is one of the few buildings that contain no food.

7. A word spoken is past recalling.

一言既出，驷马难追

Explanation: the harm done by a careless word can not easily undo.

Example: for the rest of his life he regretted what he had said， but a word

spoken is past recalling and he knew he could never repair the damage of

that moment of harshness.

NOW， TRY YOUR HAND ON THE FOLLOWING:(根据解释，试试翻译下面的谚语)

Love is blind.

beauty is a matter of individual taste and judgment. This is often used of a

person whose judgment is affected by love or infatuation.

Better to die in glory than live in dishonor.

if one has the choice between living in shame and degradation and dying in

glory， it is better to die.

Birds of a feather flock together.

people who are alike often become friend or are together: if you are often

with certain people， you may be their friends or like them.

Blood， toil， tears and sweat.

said of a person bending oneself to a task and exerting all efforts in the

performance of one duty.

Calamity is man true touchstone.

the most telling test of a man ability and worth comes when he has to face

great difficulties.

Clean conscience laughs at false accusation.

a person who knows he has done no wrong is morally stronger than those who

falsely accuse him are.

Cry over spilt milk.

to cry or complain about something that has already happened

Corresponding English and Chinese proverbs and phrases(2)

1.World is but a little place， after all.

天涯原咫尺，到处可逢君

Explanation: it is used when a person meets someone he knows or is in

someway connected with him in a place where he would never have expected to

do so.

Example: Who would have thought I would bump into an old schoolmate on a

trek up Mount Tai. The world is but a little place after all.

2. When in Rome， do as the Romans do.

入乡随俗

Explanation: conform to the manners and customs of those amongst whom you

live.

Example: I know you have egg and bacon for breakfast at home， but now you

are on the Continent you will do as the Romans do and take coffee and rolls.

3. What you lose on the swings you get back on the roundabouts.

失之东隅，收之桑榆

Explanation: a rough way of starting a law of average; if you have bad luck

on one day you have good on another; if one venture results in loss try a

fresh one---it may succeed.

Example: he may always possess merits which make up for everything; if he

loses on the swings， he may win on the roundabouts.

4.What are the odds so long as you are happy.

知足者常乐

Explanation: what does anything else matter if a person is happy.

Example: you complain so much， but you have a good family， parents， health，

and money. What’s the odd so long as you’re happy.

5.Entertain an angel unawares.

有眼不识泰山

Explanation: to receive a great personage as a guest without knowing his

merits.

Example: in the course of evening someone informed her that she was

entertaining an angel unawares， in the shape of a composer of the greatest

promise

6.every dog has his day .

是人皆有出头日

Explanation: fortune comes to each in turn

Example: they say that every dog has his day; but mine seems a very long

time coming.

7.every potter praises his own pot.

王婆买瓜，自卖自夸

Explanation: people are loath to refer to defects in their possessions or

their family members

Example: he said that his teacher considered his work brilliant， but I would

rather hear it from his teacher’s own mouth. Every potter praises his own

pot

Now come on! Have a try.试着翻译一下下面几个谚语!

hit the nail on the head

have an iron hand in a velvet glove

great minds think alike

good wine needs no bush

Give him enough rope and he will hang himself.

Evil does not always come to injure.

A fool may give a wise man counsel.

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