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四种方法提升雅思口语词汇的多样性

众所周知，雅思口语考试有四大评分标准：Grammatical range and accuracy(语法)、Lexical resource(词汇)、Pronunciation(发音)和Fluency and coherence(流利度与连贯性)。在这四大评分标准中，重要性是可以平分秋色的。但是如果把学习英语的过程比作建设一座大楼的话，那么楼房的高度是由修建它的砖块的数量决定的，而词汇就是构建语言的砖块。没有词汇，人们就无法生动准确地表达出自己的意思。因此，今天就从词汇的角度来谈谈如何在雅思口语考试中凸显自己的表达亮点。

1学习近义词，适当使用难词

笔者在教学及模拟测试的过程中会发现，考生在紧张的情况下，通常张口说出来的，都是开始学习英语就接触的最简单的词汇。这个很好解释，是因为这些词汇已经扎根在了他们的脑海里，根深蒂固，几乎可以不假思索的脱口而出。例如，当问到喜欢的事物的时候，考生的答案里会充斥着like、love等字眼，而“许多、大量”等词，则通常用“lots of”、“many”等表达。然而，后果也是显而易见的，如果考生所使用的词汇一直单一重复的话，则无法吸引考官，那么，当然也就无法取得理想的成绩。

学习近义词是拓展词汇量的一个好方法，尤其是形容词的同义词替换。当然，此类同义词替换不能只做同级的替换，像把“like”替换为“love”, 这样的做法丝毫没有任何意义，考生需要做的，是将本想使用的词用稍难一点的词汇表达出来。为什么要在考试中适当使用难词呢?这是因为雅思口语考试注重考查与考生日常生活和所学领域密切相关的话题，考生如果能适当使用一些难词来描述日常生活和所学领域，不但能避免千篇一律的模板式回答，而且会增加表达亮点，引起考官兴趣。

以雅思口语考试Part 1的一个常见话题为例，让考生体会一下如何适当使用难词。在Part1中，考官经常会问到一个问题：“Areyou a student or do you work?”考生该如何回答才能更出彩呢?我们可以对比一下两种回答方式。

回答一：I’m a student. / I’mworking now.

回答二：To be honest, I graduatedlast year and now I’m an entrepreneur, since I launched my first company lastmonth.

点评：回答一属于中规中矩的回答，没有亮点可言。回答二不但信息量大，而且使用了不少难词，如entrepreneur、launch等，还灵活运用了过去和现在时态，会给考官留下更深刻的印象。

2适当使用词组和合成词

在雅思口语中，绝大多数考生表达时常使用简单的单词，而忽略词组与合成词的运用，从而影响口语的得分。下面我们举例来比较“使用单词”与“使用词组和合成词”的效果差异。

A.Students of the poor regions have no advanced education.

B. Students of thepoverty-stricken regions have no access to the advanced education.

点评：这两组表达意思一样，但是B句显然要比A句更有感染力。而B句与A句的区别就在于使用的词汇。

不同：B句利用合成词poverty-stricken和词组haveaccess to分别替换了A句中的单词poor与have，使得B句表现力更强，更体现考生的词汇水平。以下笔者再列举几个可用来替换单词的合成词与词组。例如：

1. bekeen on替换love, 如：“I love football”替换为“I’m keen on football”。

2. beavailable替换have, 如：“Famous universities have delicate facilities.”替换为“Advanced facilities can be available in well-knownuniversities.”。

3. cost-effective替换cheap, 如：“Metrois cheaper than bus”替换为“Metrois more cost-effective than bus”。

4. time-consuming替换waste(time), 如：“Shoppingwastes time”替换为“Shoppingis really time-consuming”。

3使用俚语锦上添花

既然口语总分是从四个方面来评定的，词汇又是中国考生比较容易拿分的一个方向，为了确保总分拿到理想的分数，那么考生可以在“词汇”方面多下功夫，争取拿高分。在掌握了基础词汇的基础上，还要求一些复杂的词汇技能，其中之一就是要使用俚语。

俚语是非正式的常用语言，诙谐幽默。有一些单词，如clever就是俚语出身，最终成为了标准英语中的一员。但是也有些俚语寿命不长，一些七八十年代的俚语现在听起来已陈旧不已。而一些俚语则在特定的人群中使用。考生如果在日常表达中加进了一定量的俚语，会让考官觉得你的英语非常的地道。但是在使用俚语时，也应该考虑到说话的对象、场合与时间，有些俚语并不适合在正式的场合使用。所以在学习俚语时，不光要学习俚语的含义，还要了解其用法和使用的语境。

下面是英式英语和美式英语中经常出现的一些俚语，供大家参考：

24/7= 24 hours a day, 7 days a week=all the time

bust a gut= tryextremely hard to do something

heads up= update ona situation

hook up= to meet upor to join in

no sweat= used tosay that you can do something easily

rip-off=overly expensive

take the piss=to make fun

up to speed= having the latest information or knowledge about something

最后，考生在准备考试的时候，最忌讳的就是死记硬背词汇，扩大词汇量也有一定的技巧，比如记同义词及不同的词性。除此之外，一定要活学活用，如果背了单词及成语，不去用就永远都记不住。在日常练习的过程中，可以把刚记的词汇融入到自己的口语表达中，多去重复几次，下次自然而然就直接替换成了非常用词汇了，对考生的“词汇”分非常有帮助。

雅思口语Part1话题:transportation交通

1.How did you get here today?

I came by bike because the roads are pretty congested at this time and a bike is quicker. It only took me about 15 minutes to get here.

2. Do you often use public transport?

Yes, I do. I use the bus almost everyday. It’s the cheapest way to get around even though it’s really overcrowded and not particularly punctual.

3.How could the transportation system be improved in your country?

Well, I think the first step to improvement would be to widen the roads and build to overpasses and underpasses to help traffic flow more freely which would reduce the congestion in the city center. Also, it would help if the bus service was improved to make it run more frequently which would help with the overcrowding in rush hour. I think those are the two main changes that need to happen.

4.What form of transport do you prefer to use? Why?

I prefer to travel by car because it means that I have my own space. Also, the buses and trains in my city are usually overcrowded; my car is much more comfortable.

5 How much time do you spend travelling on a normal day?

I probably spend about an hour and a half travelling to and from work. I travel during the rush hours, so there is quite a lot of traffic.

6. What do you do while you are travelling?

I usually listen to the radio or a CD. In the morning I like to listen to the news to find out what is happening in the world.

7.Do you ever have problems with transport?

Yes, as I said, I get stuck in traffic on my way to and from work. I used to get annoyed by traffic jams, but now I'm used to them.

预测雅思口语Part2话题: experience in the countryside

Describe a time you had good experience in the countryside.描述一个你在乡下的愉快经历。

You should say：

where you went

what you did

when you did it

who you went with

and explain why it was enjoyable.

参考范文

Okay. Let me tell you about my experience last summer when we visited my grandparents in a village in Shandong Province.

My grandparents’ village is by the Huang He River. In the first 2 days there, everything was still fresh, the woods, the water, the lotus leaves, the pond, the cattle, the fields and the cicada hunting. And then boredom started to haunt me. It was hot and there was no air conditioner and few entertainments were available.

本段用到的单词&表达

cicada /sɪˈkɑː.də/ n. 知了

boredom start to haunt me... 无聊的感觉开始困扰我...

One summer afternoon, my cousin Daniel and I were wandering along the river bank wondering what to do to kill this boring summer afternoon. All of a sudden, Daniel got an idea. He told me we should have a competition, which took me by surprise. In that heat and in that kingdom of boredom, what competition could we have, to see who could survive longer standing in the burning sun without drinking any water? He proceeded by explaining that we should each dig a piece of mud, make it into a shape of a bowl, cast it onto the ground upside down and then see whose bowl make the biggest sound. It sounded stupid in the beginning and failed to intrigue me. But when Daniel jumped into the river and did as he explained, I decided to try. It honestly felt awesome to have hands and feet inside the cool mud and water. And the explosion of the mud bowl miraculous excited me.

本段用到的单词&表达

kill v. 消磨(时间)

take sb. by surprise 让某人感到意外

intrigue /ɪnˈtriːɡ/ v. 使...感兴趣

And the next thing I could remember was we playing and playing and playing and playing and we didn’t even notice the sun had started to set. It was such a fun and nice experience in my memory.

预测雅思口语Part2话题范文:foreign food you ate

You should say:

When you had it

Where you ate it

What it was

and how did you feel about it

查看原创参考范文：

I'd like to tell you about my first experience of Japanese cuisine. This story took place about five or six years ago now, when I was dating my ex-girlfriend. One evening, she invited me to eat out with her and a few of her female friends at this Japanese restaurant. At first, I was a bit reluctant to go, partly because I hadn't met any of her friends at that time and I'm not that great around new people, but mainly because I'm a fussy eater. There's nothing worse than eating out, dying of hunger because you'd skipped lunch so you wouldn't spoil your appetite, and then not liking the food you order or anything on the menu. My then-girlfriend persuaded me to go, but I told her I probably wouldn't like anything. The restaurant was nice. It had a Japanese theme but I think everyone working there was Chinese. We went in, sat down and thought about what to have. When I was looking at the menu, nothing took my fancy so I let the girls choose my meal, which was rice and some seafood like prawns and salmon; I think it was all or partly raw. The girls started tucking into their food but I just ended up playing with mine. I was starving, I could have eaten a horse, but I just picked at mine, mainly eating the rice, which had no flavour to it, and little bites of fish with my glass of water to wash it down. If I'd had my way, we would have gone somewhere else, to a place where I could have stuffed my face. I haven't had Japanese food since and I don't have any intention of trying it again.

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