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从GRE写作中折射出的美国文化看高分作文思路要求

二元性思考是GRE作文题目设置的本质所在

谈到美国文化，人们首先想到的是可能是美剧，好莱坞，汉堡薯条，NBA，NFL，苹果等等。当然不可否认，美国正通过娱乐，体育，餐饮，高科技等渠道向全世界辐射其文化。但如果透过这些表象去窥探其深层的内涵，那么我们就会看到包容，开明的思想自始至终都是这个国度最为闪耀标志。这一标志集中体现在其三权(Executive, Legislative, Judicial) 分立的政府结构，民主共和两党，与参众两院的政体之中。是的，“二”在美国文化中是一个受欢迎的数字，因为 “Two is simply more than one”。虽然说“二”，或更准确的说是“二元性”，并不一定能够包含世上所有的人群，观点，思想与方式，当这确实是最接近普世价值与本质的实用模型。对于GRE写作，一个核心的思想就是 “two-way thinking”，也就是一分为二的分析方法，这种思想强调竞争与冲突，是一种动态的平衡，也是激励人们不断挑战自我的最为有效的机制。

GRE写作题目反应美国社会生活

很多GRE写作的题目都是美国社会的缩影，如Argument的内容也时常涉及普通人的生活。像 movie theater 中的 video arcade (电子游戏机)，all female (如Wheaton College，原先为女校)/coeducation，保健食品连锁店(其原型为GNC)，Jazz Club (其实个人经验认为在美国不主流)等等。虽说我们在写作中主要是在质疑其推理过程与结论的合理性，但这些素材包括其结论通常都反映了美国社会的客观事实。在Argument的题库中，有一类非常独特的问题是跟赚钱相关 (profit, profitable, profitability)，也就是公司怎样才能盈利。我们知道美国文化是典型的重商主义的文化，基本上一切事情都是以是否能赚钱作为评判标准的。美国人很会赚钱，而且不需要用到地沟油。这就是为什么世界上最成功的商业咨询公司都来自美国，而在这些公司中，segmentation(细分)是比较核心的思想，这也与Issue写作中的分类讨论的分析思想高度吻合的。

除此之外，GRE写作处处反映了美国的主流文化与思维方式。当然，ETS设计的GRE考试并不是要你 “Don’t fight, just accept.”，而是希望听到你独特的声音。因此，希望大家能以更加积极的心态去备考，并把这种思想延伸到今后的生活中去。

GRE考试写作经典范文：重辩证思维

Issue

"Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial."

I agree with the speaker‘s broad assertion that money spent on research is generally money well invested. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace research whose results are "controversial," while ignoring certain compelling reasons why some types of research might be unjustifiable. My points of contention with the speaker involves the fundamental objectives and nature of research, as discussed below.

精华：However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace research whose results are "controversial," while ignoring certain compelling reasons why…这种说法可以用来抨击原题观点的绝对化，非常有力。

My points of contention with the speaker involve the fundamental objectives and nature of research, as discussed below.

GRE考试写作经典范文：教育合作

题目：

Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools. Education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators.

父母和社会都必须参与到地方的学校中。教育太重要了以至于不能把教育完全交给一群职业教育者。

正文：

Education is one of the key issues in modern society. Just as business is promoting our daily living standard, education is promoting the future well-being of the whole society. Therefore, I totally support the author's view that education is too important to leave solely to a group of professional educators. Local schools, which constitute an essencial part of education, require involvement of both parents and communities.

Admittedly, professional educators play a central role in the whole process of education, particularly school education. School education is uniform and regulated, where is the right stage for the knowlege and vocational training of professional educators. They draw out and put in practice school regulations, set up curricula for different grades of students based on their expected level and make plans for teaching, evaluation and extracurricular activities. However, few of their daily obligations involve fave-to-face communication with students, which may ruin the effects of their planning and execution. For example, the planned curriculum load may be too heavy for students to endure, but without a system to adjust it, the professional educators still insist to carry out the plan relying solely on their own professional assumptions. Such case will be detrimental, since students may be fed up with endless information offered in various kinds of fields, or they study so hard to meet the standard that their health may be ruined. It is in such cases that parents and communities need to offer help to supplement and adjust teaching activities in local schools.

GRE考试写作经典范文：达到目标的手段

题目：

If a goal is worthy， then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.

只要值得，不择手段达到目的是合理的。

正文：

The speaker claim that if a goal if worthwhile， then any means taken to achieve this goal is justifiable. Although the assertion makes sense when we consider the underlying of this implication is that whatever the conditions， the natures of the endings deserve our effort wholehearted. But if we examine the broad meaning that this claim carries， we find this threshold statement suffer deficiencies from many aspects of consideration.

First let define the worthiness of a goal. How worthwhile and valuable a goal is lies not only in the subjective meditation and evaluation of an individual， we must consider the interactive influence exerted by this goal on others. For example， a country may consider the goal of achieving economic success and well being of its citizens to be worthwhile， but if we know they exploit cheap labor forces in third-world country，utilize scarce natural resources that being exported from poor countries， or dump low-cost goods in these countries， our morals reveal us the dark side of the goal and make it less worthwhile than it seems to be to its home people. On a personal level， a person‘s food might be the others’ poison， so did the goal. Consider the ambition of Napoleon， his ambitious goal is to conquer the whole European Continent， which considered by himself and many of his follows to be the most glorious plan they have ever made. But by resorting to wars， killings， and blood shedding， their sweet dream turn out to be the nightmare of people habituating in this continent. In a word， since no goal is set from a pure disinterested， impartial

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