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如何扫清新GRE考试中的词汇问题

改革后的新GRE考试，更注重考查考生的研究能力，同时在内容和形式上都有重大变化。拿词汇部分来讲，旧GRE考试中最为让人望而生畏的类比反义词部分在新GRE考试中被取消，这固然是一个让很多考生都欢欣鼓舞的消息，但同时又提出一个疑问，应该如何相应地来准备新GRE考试中的词汇呢?在这里笔者对此进行一个初步的分析与探讨。

一、新旧GRE考试对词汇量要求的对比

旧GRE考试中非常注重对词汇的要求，对单词量要求非常之大，到了让人瞠目结舌的地步。不仅常见词汇能考到18000左右，而且充斥着大量日常生活中难以见到的生僻词汇，比如coven意为”十三个女巫的集会“，arabesque意为”具有阿拉伯风格的图案“，illumination转义为”古书上的修饰图案“，因此导致单词不认识几乎无法解题。然而在新GRE考试中，由于将类比反义词类题型取消，单词量要求相对减少，生僻词考查力度削弱，主要考查一些具有特征的单词，即使某个生词不认识也完全能根据上下文的语境把词的大致含义给推断出来。因此从这个角度来讲，考生背诵单词的数量大幅度下降，对单词精确含义理解的要求也相应的大幅度削弱。

二、新旧GRE考试对词汇考察方式的比较

改革前的GRE Verbal部分的38道题目由类比、反义、阅读和填空四部分组成。其中直接考察词汇能力的类比和反义题占到了20个之多，体现出词汇题占着至关重要的地位。填空考查在一定的语境下考生对词汇的分析能力，阅读则偏重于根据上下文对词汇的理解能力。考生想取得理想的成绩在考前就一定要记忆极大数量的单词。

改革后的GRE考试对词汇的考查大大减弱。Verbal部分将会取消原有的类比与反义词题目的测试，只剩填空与阅读两个部分，而这两个部分的考察方式也做了一定程度的调整。

下面就针对新GRE考试中填空与阅读对词汇的考察做一些分析。

拿填空部分来讲，从样题上看，改革后的GRE考试在填空中包括了同义词的辨析、反义词的辨析、词汇搭配、词汇含义精确理解等考察方式，这就要求考生不仅要掌握词汇的意思，还需要进一步了解常考词汇的用法和内涵。其中样题的填空类题型direction和例题如下：

For the following questions, select the two answer choices that, when used to complete the sentence, fit the meaning of the sentence as a whole and produce completed sentences that are alike in meaning.

4 . International financial issues are typically by the United States media because they are too technical to make snappy headlines and too inaccessible to people who lack a background in economics.

A. neglected 被忽视的

B. slighted 被忽视的

C. overrated 被高估的

D. hidden 被隐藏的

E. criticized 被批评的

F. repudiated 被拒绝的

从direction和样题可以看出，填空题由以前的五选一变为了六选二，为什么会做这样的变化呢?其目的就是可以考察更多的词汇量。而所选的两个正确选项由于都要符合题干的意思，所以这两个词就必然是同义词或者近义词。所以在解题时大家可以先不读题干，先看选项中是否有同义词组，如果只有一对的话则答案必然是选这两个词，而如果有两对或者三对时再回到题干由句子意思来判断应该选哪一对同义词。在此题中我们先不读题干，直接扫视五个选项，发现只有A和B这两个选项是一组同义词，所以答案就可直接选择A和B选项，以此方法解题考生如果词汇量过关只要五秒种就可解出正确答案，而如果先看题干再读选项就会花更多的时间。因此掌握大量的同义词意群对解填空题可以收到事半功倍的效果，词汇的重要性也就不言而喻了。

下面再看一下样题中阅读题是如何对词汇进行考查的。

Questions 9 and 10 are based on the following reading passage.

Scholarship on political newspapers and their editors is dominated by the view that as the United States grew, the increasing influence of the press led, ultimately, to the neutral reporting from which we benefit today. Pasley considers this view oversimplified, because neutrality was not a goal of early national newspaper editing, even when editors disingenuously stated that they aimed to tell all sides of a story. Rather, the intensely partisan ideologies represented in newspapers of the early republic led to a clear demarcation between traditional and republican values. The editors responsible for the papers' content — especially those with republican agendas — began to see themselves as central figures in the development of political consciousness in the United States.

10. In the context in which it appears, "disingenuously" most nearly means

A. insincerely

B. guilelessly

C. obliquely

D. resolutely

E. pertinaciously

此类在阅读中直接考察词汇的题目在改革前的GRE阅读中从未出现过，可见在改革后的GRE考试中并未放松对词汇的考察。按部就班的解题方法应该是通过上下文逻辑关系推断出单词的含义，但是掌握了大量GRE单词后就完全可以脱离上下文而快速选出答案。由于disingenuously的意思是不真诚的，所以答案选A选项。可见此类题很类似于改革以前的反义词题型，无非是把它放在阅读题里对考生进行考察。

三、准备新旧GRE考试背诵词汇方式的比较

在准备改革前的GRE考试时，考生们一般需要背诵红宝书上的所有单词，但是正如上文所述，改革后的GRE考试会减轻对生僻名词的考察，因此在没有专门针对新GRE考试的词汇书出现前，考生们完全可以继续使用以前GRE的备考词汇书，比如红宝书，但是需要注意的是在背诵时可以略过一些生僻的名词，而把大部分精力集中在对于一些描述特征的形容词和动词上，因为在改革后的GRE考试的填空和阅读部分会出现大量诸如此类的词。

综上所述，虽然与改革前的GRE考试相比，改革后的GRE考试在一定程度上减轻了对于词汇的考察，但是万变不离其宗，考生还是需要背诵大量的GRE单词。其实大家可以试想，GRE考试是美国研究生院的入学考试，如果你不具备大量的学术词汇，又怎么可能在美国读懂一篇篇逻辑缜密、述理透彻的学术文章呢?鉴于此，ETS在GRE考试中必然会继续对考生的词汇能力做一定的测试，考生们还是应该掌握大量的GRE词汇，以不变应万变。

GRE重点词汇解析：germane

germane: 密切有关的; relevant, appropriate

1) pertinent; related; to the point

2) relevant, appropriate, apropos, fitting

Synonyms: applicable, connected, fitting, related

germane : pertinence

Because your concerns are germane to the topic of the meeting, I would like to ask you to speak first.

Her essay contained germane information, relevant to the new Constitutional amendment.

【考法1】adj. 有关的，适当的： being at once relevant and appropriate

【例】details not germane to the discussion 与讨论无关的细节

【近】 applicable, apropos, apposite, pertinent, relevant

【反】 extraneous, irrelevant 无关的;inappropriate 不适当的

GRE重点词汇解析：Ubiquitous

Ubiquitous: 到处存在的; existing everywhere at once

1) omnipresent; present everywhere

2) existing everywhere at the same time; constantly encountered; widespread

相近词汇：omnipresent, pervasive, widespread

ubiquitous <> rarely encountered 到处都是的<>很少遭遇的

ubiquitous <> unique 

ubiquitous : PLACE = perpetuity : time 无所不在的:地方=永恒:时间

ubiquitous: existing or being everywhere at the same time : constantly encountered

ubiquitous (无所不在的)

A) uniform (统一的)

B) unanimous (意见一致的)

C) unique (独特的)

D) anachronistic (年代错误的)

E) mediocre (平庸的)

That hit song was ubiquitous all summer long: I heard it at the beach, at the grocery store, waiting on line at the deli, and on the radio just about every time I turned it on.

A ubiquitous spirit followed the man wherever he went.

Water may seem ubiquitous, until a drought comes along.

GRE重点词汇解析：veracity

veracity: 诚实, 老实; truthfulness; adherence to the truth

1) filled with truth and accuracy; truthfulness or accuracy

2) truthfulness; honesty

veracity <> mendacity .

verity: truth

veracious : trustful, accurate

1. She was a scrupulous journalist, and when she could not check the veracity of the claim, she struck all mentions of it from her article.

2. She had a reputation for veracity, so everyone trusted her description of events.

相近词汇：authenticity, credibility, honesty, candor, exactitude, fidelity, probity, truthfulness

GRE重点词汇解析：vilify

vilify: 诽谤; to make vicious and defamatory statements about

1) to slander

2) to defame; to characterize harshly

vilify <> commend, laud, extol, honor, adulate

vilifier

calumny: 诽谤; 中伤

invective: 恶言漫骂, 臭骂|猛烈抨击，痛骂

How dare you vilify my name in the newspaper when you are the one who has been squandering city funds.

相近词汇：attack, censure, defame, denigrate, disparage

诽谤，辱骂： to utter slanderous and abusive statements against

【例】be vilified by the press because of her radical views 因为她激进的观点而被媒体抨击

【近】 asperse, blacken, calumniate, defame, libel, malign, smear, traduce

【反】 acclaim, applaud, commend, praise 表扬

【派】 vilification n. 辱骂

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