全国职称外语等级考试综合类概括大意试题

发布者：客至天涯时间：2024-10-13 08:58

全国职称外语等级考试综合类概括大意试题

在学习和工作中，我们都经常看到试题的身影，试题是用于考试的题目，要求按照标准回答。那么问题来了，一份好的试题是什么样的呢？以下是小编整理的全国职称外语等级考试综合类概括大意试题，仅供参考，欢迎大家阅读。

全国职称外语等级考试综合类概括大意试题

全国职称外语等级考试综合类概括大意试题 1

Earthquake

Every year earthquakes are responsible for a large number of deaths and a vest amount of destruction in various parts of the world. Most of these damaging earthquakes occur either in a narrow belt which surrounds the Pacific Ocean or in a line which extends from Burma to the Alps in Europe. Some of the destruction is directly caused by the quake itself. An example of this is the collapse of buildings as a result of the quake itself. Other damage results from landslides or major fires which are initiated by the quake.

There are about a million quakes a year. Fortunately, however, not all of them are destructive. The intensity of an earthquake is measured on the Richter Scale, which goes from 0 upward. The highest scale recorded to date is 8.9. Major damage generally occurs from quakes ranging upwards from 6.0.

The actual cause of the quake itself is the breaking of rocks at or below the earth s surface. This is produced by pressure which scientists believe may be due to a number of reasons, two of which are the expansion and contraction of the earth s crust and continental drift.

In order to limit the damage and to prevent some of the suffering resulting from earthquakes, scientists are working on ways to enable accurate prediction. Special instruments are used to help people record, for example, shaking of the earth. Scientists are trying to find methods that will enable them to indicate the exact time, location and size of an earthquake.

Certain phenomena have been observed which are believed to be signs of imminent earthquakes. These include strange behaviors of some animals, the changes in the content of mineral water, etc. The magnetic properties of rocks may also display special pattern before major earthquakes happen.

EXERCISE:

1. Paragraph 2_____.

2. Paragraph 3_____.

3. Paragraph 4_____.

4. Paragraph 5_____.

A Earthquakes forecast

B Historical records of earthquakes

C In

atensities of earthquakes

D Cause of earthquakes

E Indications of earthquakes

F Damaging earthquakes

5. Not all damage during an earthquake is caused ____.

6. Not all earthquakes are strong enough ___.

7. Scientists have been working hard to warn people ___.

8. Earthquakes can be predicted by observing ___.

A by the quake itself

B not be prevented

C to cause damage of property and loss of lives

D of a possible earthquake

E the unusual behaviors of some animals

F the strong behaviors of human beings

KEY: C D A E A C D E

全国职称外语等级考试综合类概括大意试题 2

Transport and Trade

Transport is one of the aids to trade. By moving goods from places where they are plentiful to places where they are scarce, transport adds to their value. The more easily goods can be brought over the distance that separates producer and consumer, the better for trade. When there were no railways, no good roads, no canals, and only small sailing ships, trade was on a small scale.

The great advances made in transport during the last two hundred years were accompanied by a big increase in trade. Bigger and faster ships enabled a trade in meat to develop between Britain and New Zealand, for instance. Quicker transport makes possible mass-production and big business, drawing supplies from, and selling goods to, all parts of the globe. Big factories could not exist without transport to carry the large number of workers they need to and from their homes. Big city stores could not have developed unless customers could travel easily from the suburbs and goods delivered to their homes. Big cities could not survive unless food could be brought from a distance.

Transport also prevents waste. Much of the fish landed at the ports would be wasted if it could not be taken quickly to inland towns. Transport has given us a much greater variety of foods and goods since we no longer have to live on what is produced locally. Foo

ads which at one time could be obtained only during a part of the year can now be obtained all through the year. Transport has raised the standard of living.

By moving fuel, raw materials, and even power, as, for example, through electric cables, transport has led to the establishment of industries and trade in areas where they would have been impossible before. Districts and countries can concentrate on making things which they can do better and more cheaply than others and can then exchange them with one another. The cheaper and quicker transport becomes, the longer the distance over which goods can profitably be carried. Countries with poor transport have a lower standard of living.

Commerce requires not only the moving of goods and people but also the carrying of messages and information. Means of communication, like telephones, cables and radio, send inform

ation about prices, supplies, and changing conditions in different parts of the world. In this way, advanced communication systems also help to develop trade.

练习：

1. Paragraph 2 _________

2. Paragraph 3 _________

3. Paragraph 4 _________

4. Paragraph 5 _________

A. Higher living standard

B. Importance of transport in trade

C. Various means of transport

D. Birth of transport-related industries and trade

E. Role of information in trade

F. Public transportation

5. The development of modern means of transport _________.

6. Only when goods can be carried to all parts of the world quickly ___________.

7. Transport has made it possible for people to eat whatever food they want _________.

8. In the trade of modern society the transmission of information plays as important a role as ________.

A. to send goods to various parts of the world

B. at any time during the year

C. has greatly promoted trade

D. is it possible to produce on a large scale

E. the transport of goods

F. it is possible to produce on a large scale

答案：B

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全国职称外语等级考试综合类概括大意试题 3

1. Children enjoy shouting at a high wall and hearing the sound come back to them. These sounds are called echoes (回声). Echoes have given us a number of valuable tools.

2. Echo sounding devices were early used in making maps of the ocean floor. Sounds or ultrasonic (超声的) sounds make good tools for determining how deep the water is under ships. Sometimes echoes from ultrasonic distance finding devices were prevented from working by fish swimming past or by the presence of large objects. So ultrasonic devices have been replaced by other tools.

3. Radar is now a familiar tool. Like many others it was an unexpected discovery. It was first observed by two researchers， who were studying sound communication. They were sending signals from a station on one side of a river in Washington，

D IC. to a vehicle across the river. They discovered that their signals were stopped by passing ships. They recognized the importance of this discovery at once.

4. All this was of course just a start， from which our present radar has developed. The word "radar，" in fact， gets its name from the term "radio detection (检测) and ranging." "Ranging" is the term for detection of the distance between an object and the radar set. Today， in our scientific age， it would be difficult to manage without radar.

5. One of the many uses of radar is as a speed control device on highways. When a person in an automobile is driving faster than the speed limit， radar will show this clearly and the traffic police can take measures to stop him.

6. A pilot cannot fly a plane by sight alone. Many conditions such as flying at night and landing in dense fog require the pilot to use radar. Human eyes are not very good at determining speeds of approaching objects， but radar can show the pilot how fast nearby planes are moving.

23 Paragraph 2

24 Paragraph 3

25 Paragraph 4

26 Paragraph 5

A Study of Sound

B Highway Police

C Working Principles

D Early Use of "Radar"

E Useful Tools

F Discovery by Chance

27 Echo-sounding devices were early used to

28 Ultrasonic device were used to

29 Police use radar on highways to

30 Radar helps pilots to

A detect nearby objects

B determine the depth of the ocean water

C decide how fast you drive

D stop passing ships

E map the ocean floor

F observe water flow

【参考答案】

23. D 24. F 25. C 26. B 27. E 28. B 29. C 30. A

全国职称外语等级考试综合类概括大意试题 4

Maglev Trains

A few countries are using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Maglev is short for magnetic levitation1, which means that these trains float over a guide way using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel and track trains.

If you’ve ever played with magnets, you know that opposite poles attract and like poles repel each other. This is the basic principle behind electromagnetic propulsion. Electromagnets are similar to other magnets in that they attract metal objects, but the magnetic pull is temporary. You can easily create a small electromagnet yourself by connecting the ends of a copper wire to the positive and negative ends of an AA-cell battery. This creates a small magnetic field. If you disconnect either end of the wire from the battery, the magnetic field is taken away.

The magnetic field created in this wire-and-battery experiment is the simple idea behind a maglev train rail system. There are three components to this system: A large electrical power source, metal coils lining a guide way or track, and large guidance magnets attached to the underside of the train.

The big difference between a maglev train and a conventional train is that maglev trains do not have an engine-at least not the kind of engine used to pull typical train cars along steel tracks4. The engine for maglev trains is rather innoticeable. Instead of using fossil fuels, the magnetic field created by the electrified coils in the guideway walls and the track combines to propel the trains.

The magnetized coil running along the track, called a guideway, repels the large magnets on the train’s undercarriage, allowing the train to levitate between 1 to 10 cm above the guideway. Once the train is levitated, power is supplied to the coils within the guideway walls to create a unique system of magnetic fields that pull and push the train along the guideway. The electric current supplied to the coils in the guideway walls is constantly alternating to change the polarity of the magnetized coils. This change in polarity causes the magnetic field in front of the train to pull the vehicle forward, while the magnetic field behind the train adds more forward thrust.

Maglev trains float on a cushion of air, eliminating friction. This lack of friction allows these trains to reach unprecedented ground transportation speeds of more than 500 kph, or twice as fast as the fastest conventional train. At 500 kph, you could travel from Paris to Rome in just over two hours.

23. Paragraph 3 _____

24. Paragraph 4 _____

25. Paragraph 5 _____

26. Paragraph 6 _____

A. The Main Components of the Maglev Train System

B. High-speed Maglev due to Zero Friction

C. The Working Principle of the Maglev Train

D. Differences between Polarity and Magnetic Field

E. Comparison of Maglev Trains with Traditional Ones

F. Maglev with a Powerful Motor

27. Several countries in the world are using strong electromagnets _____.

28. You can connect a wire to the positive and negative ends of a battery _____.